Manic Depression / Bipolar Disorder
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Manic depression, also known as bipolar disorder, is classified as a type of affective disorder or mood disorder that goes beyond the day’s ordinary ups and downs, becoming a serious medical condition and important health concern in this country. Manic depression is characterized by periodic episodes of extreme elation, elevated mood, or irritability (also called mania) countered by periodic, classic depressive symptoms.
Who is affected by manic depression?
Manic depression affects more than 2.3 million American adults - or about 1.2 percent of Americans age 18 and older in a given year. When symptoms are present before the age of 12, they are often confused with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - a syndrome that is usually characterized by serious and persistent difficulties resulting in inattentiveness or distractibility, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
Affecting men and women equally (although women are more likely to experience more depressive and less manic symptoms), manic depression often begins in adolescence or early adulthood. In fact, the average age at onset for a first manic episode is during the early 20s.
Manic depression is likely to run in families and, in some cases, is believed to be hereditary. Researchers are still undergoing intense research to identify a gene that may be responsible for this disorder.
What are the symptoms of manic depression?
The following are the most common symptoms of manic depression. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently.
Depressive symptoms may include:
persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood
loss of interest in activities once previously enjoyed
excessive crying
increased restlessness and irritability
decreased ability to concentrate and make decisions
decreased energy
thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts
increased feelings of guilt, helplessness, and/or hopelessness
weight and/or appetite changes due to over- or under-eating
changes in sleep patterns
social withdrawal
physical symptoms unrealized by standard treatment (i.e., chronic pain, headaches)
Manic symptoms may include:
overly inflated self-esteem
decreased need for rest and sleep
increased distractibility and irritability
increased physical agitation
excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that may result in painful consequence; this may include provocative, aggressive, or destructive behavior
increased talkativeness
excessive “high” or euphoric feelings
increased sex drive
increased energy level
uncharacteristically poor judgment
increased denial
For a diagnosis of manic depression to be made, an individual must exhibit both depressive and manic symptoms to a varying degree, depending upon the severity of the disorder. The symptoms of manic depression may resemble other psychiatric conditions. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis.
How is manic depression diagnosed?
Because depression has shown to often co-exist with other medical conditions, such as heart disease, cancer, or diabetes, and other psychiatric disorders, such as substance abuse, or anxiety disorders, seeking early diagnosis and treatment is crucial to recovery. A diagnosis is often made after a careful psychiatric examination and medical history performed by a psychiatrist or other mental health professional.
Treatment for manic depression:
Specific treatment for manic depression will be determined by your physician based on:
your age, overall health, and medical history
extent of the disease
your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
expectations for the course of the disease
your opinion or preference
Treatment may include either, or a combination, of the following:
medication (i.e., mood-stabilizing anticonvulsants such as lithium, valproate, or carbamazepine, and/or antidepressants such as Prozac, Zoloft, or Paxil)
psychotherapy (most often cognitive-behavioral and/or interpersonal therapy that is focused on changing the individual’s distorted views of themselves and the environment around them, working through difficult relationships, and identifying stressors in the environment and how to avoid them)
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Recognizing the varied and extreme mood swings associated with manic depression is crucial in obtaining effective treatment, and avoiding the potentially painful consequences of the reckless, manic behavior.
In most cases, long-term, preventive treatment is necessary to stabilize the mood swings associated with manic depression.
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition that becomes apparent in some children in the preschool and early school years. It is hard for these children to control their behavior and/or pay attention. It is estimated that between 3 and 5 percent of children have ADHD, or approximately 2 million children in the United States. This means that in a classroom of 25 to 30 children, it is likely that at least one will have ADHD.
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Depression is a serious medical condition that involves the body, mood, and thoughts. People with a depressive illness cannot merely “pull themselves together” and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people who have depression.
Depression: Free Report
Anxiety is a normal reaction to stress. It helps one deal with a tense situation in the office, study harder for an exam, keep focused on an important speech. In general, it helps one cope. But when anxiety becomes an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations, it has become a disabling disorder.
(Anxiety) Free Report
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January 23rd, 2008 at 3:57 am
[…] RandiReally interesting read I found today:When symptoms are present before the age of 12, they are often confused with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - a syndrome that is usually characterized by serious and persistent difficulties resulting in inattentiveness … […]