Archive for the ‘Symptoms of Substance Dependence’ Category

Tips for Teens: The Truth About Club Drugs

Wednesday, October 24th, 2007

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Slang–Ecstasy: E, X, XTC. GHB: Liquid Ecstasy, Liquid X, Grievous Bodily Harm, Georgia Home Boy. Ketamine: K, Special K, Ket, Vitamin K, Kit Kat. Rohypnol: Roofies, R-2.

Club drugs affect your brain. The term “club drugs” refers to a wide variety of drugs often used at all-night dance parties (”raves”), nightclubs, and concerts. Club drugs can damage the neurons in your brain, impairing your senses, memory, judgment, and coordination.
Club drugs affect your body. Different club drugs have different effects on your body. Some common effects include loss of muscle and motor control, blurred vision, and seizures. Club drugs like ecstasy are stimulants that increase your heart rate and blood pressure and can lead to heart or kidney failure. Other club drugs, like GHB, are depressants that can cause drowsiness, unconsciousness, or breathing problems.

Club drugs affect your self-control. Club drugs like GHB and Rohypnol are used in “date rape” and other assaults because they are sedatives that can make you unconscious and immobilize you. Rohypnol can cause a kind of amnesia–users may not remember what they said or did while under the effects of the drug.

Club drugs are not always what they seem. Because club drugs are illegal and often produced in makeshift laboratories, it is impossible to know exactly what chemicals were used to produce them. How strong or dangerous any illegal drug is varies each time.
Club drugs can kill you. Higher doses of club drugs can cause severe breathing problems, coma, or even death.

Know the law. It is illegal to buy or sell club drugs. It is also a federal crime to use any controlled substance to aid in a sexual assault.

Get the facts. Despite what you may have heard, club drugs can be addictive.

Stay informed. The club drug scene is constantly changing. New drugs and new variations of drugs appear all of the time.
Know the risks. Mixing club drugs together or with alcohol is extremely dangerous. The effects of one drug can magnify the effects and risks of another. In fact, mixing substances can be lethal.

Look around you. The vast majority of teens are not using club drugs. While ecstasy is considered to be the most frequently used club drug, less than 2 percent of 8th-12th graders use it on a regular basis. In fact, 94 percent of teens have never even tried ecstasy.1

How can you tell if a friend is using club drugs? Sometimes it’s tough to tell. But there are signs you can look for. If your friend has one or more of the following warning signs, he or she may be using club drugs:

• Problem remembering things they recently said or did
• Loss of coordination, dizziness, fainting
• Depression
• Confusion
• Sleep problems
• Chills or sweating
• Slurred speech

What can you do to help someone who is using club drugs? Be a real friend. Save a life. Encourage your friend to stop or seek professional help. For information and referrals, call the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information at 800-729-6686 .

Q. If somebody slipped a club drug into your drink, wouldn’t you realize it immediately?

A. Probably not. Most club drugs are odorless and tasteless. Some are made into a powder form that makes it easier to slip into a drink and dissolve without a person’s knowledge.

Q. Are there any long-term effects of taking ecstasy?

A. Yes. Studies on both humans and animals have proven that regular use of ecstasy produces long-lasting, perhaps permanent damage to the brain’s ability to think and store memories.
Q. If you took a club drug at a rave, wouldn’t you just dance off all of its effects?

A. Not necessarily. Some of ecstasy’s effects, like confusion, depression, anxiety, paranoia, and sleep problems, have been reported to occur even weeks after the drug is taken.

To learn more about club drugs or obtain referrals to programs in your community, contact one of the following toll-free numbers:

SAMHSA’s National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
800-729-6686
TDD 800-487-4889
linea gratis en español
877-767-8432

Curious about the TV ads of the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign? Check out the Web site at www.freevibe.com or visit the Office of National Drug Control Policy Web site at www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov.

The bottom line: If you know someone who uses club drugs, urge him or her to get help. If you’re using them–stop! The longer you ignore the real facts, the more chances you take with your life. It’s never too late.

Talk to your parents, a doctor, a counselor, a teacher, or another adult you trust.
Do it today!

Best Wishes and Lot’s of Love,
Arthur Buchanan

Out of Darkness & Into the Light
209 Ellis Ave. Suite 1313
Bellevue, Ohio44811

567-217-1133 (Home)

Listen To My RADIO SHOW! Wednesday @ 6:00 P.M. Eastern Standard!
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They are calling Arthur Buchanan’s methods of recovering from mental illness REVOLUTIONARY! (MEDICALCOLLEGE OF MICHIGAN) ‘Arthur Buchanan has given us a revolutionary blue print for recovery in these uncertain times, when Mental Illness at a all time high in the United States of America, yet if you follow this young mans methods, we assure you of positive results and I QUOTE ‘If these methods are followed precisely, their is no way you can’t see positive results with whatever illness you have’ -Dr. Herbert Palos Detroit, Michigan

Listen to Arthur Buchanan on the Mike Litman Show!

LISTEN TODAY!
www.freesuccessaudios.com/Artlive.mp3

www.out-of-darkness.com www.biologicalhappiness.com

www.adhdandme.com www.mentalillnessandme.com

Starting Jan. 1St Me and My Dr Leland Heller, Will Have a Free
CD Out, Totally Free All You Have to Do Is Pay The Shipping
And Handling Charges.

This Is This My Drs. Leland Heller’s Website

www.biologicalunhappiness.com

The People That Have Listened To This Free CD Have Told Us
That We Should Charge $147 for This Groundbreaking CD,
You Will Never Forgive Yourself If You Pass This Up, Run Don’t
Walk To Get This Groundbreaking CD, It Will Literally Change
The Way You Look At Mental Health!!!

Jan. 1st We Will Be Offering a Free Newsletter From My
Doc. And I, We Will Answer 5 of The Most Pressing Questions
A Month and We Will List Them On The Websites, So Get Your Free CD.

Save a Life Yours!!

It’s marijuana-flavored candy, and it already could be in stores near you.

Friday, October 19th, 2007

A new product on the market may make parents double check the candy bowl. It’s marijuana-flavored candy, and it already could be in stores near you. It may look like a normal lollipop or candy bar, but it tastes like pot.

Manufacturers have said that there is no THC-the illegal substance in pot-in the candy. The slogans, however, may lead kids to think that they are buying something that will have pot-like effects. For example, one candy’s slogan is “Every lick is like

taking a hit,” which may tempt some kids to try it. Kids may want to see if the candy makes them feel different, or even high.

It’s easier than you might think for kids to get their hands on pot-flavored candy. No laws prevent your child-or one of his friends-from going into a store and buying it or getting it online. If someone offers your child a piece of this candy, he may not realize what he is getting. Do you want your child to be introduced to the flavor of marijuana?

What’s Being Done To Protect Your Children?

Politicians across the country are taking on the candy companies and the stores that sell pot-flavored candy. New York City lawmakers condemned sale of this candy. Legislators are talking about banning the candy, but today, the candy is legal and available to people of all ages.

What Can You Do?

Talk to the administrators and counselors at your child’s school about the rules on marijuana-flavored candy. Many adults may not have heard of it, so be prepared to help them learn about the candy.

Despite the fact that marijuana-flavored candy does not contain illegal THC, some kids may begin to think that pot is acceptable or become accustomed to its taste. Tell your child that pot in any form is harmful. As you monitor your child’s activities, remember to watch the candy she is eating. Set rules about marijuana use, and let your kids know what you expect from them.

Best Wishes and Lot’s of Love,
Arthur Buchanan

Out of Darkness & Into the Light
209 Ellis Ave. Suite 1313
Bellevue, Ohio44811

567-217-1133 (Home)

They are calling Arthur Buchanan’s methods of recovering from mental illness REVOLUTIONARY! (MEDICALCOLLEGE OF MICHIGAN) ‘Arthur Buchanan has given us a revolutionary blue print for recovery in these uncertain times, when Mental Illness at a all time high in the United States of America, yet if you follow this young mans methods, we assure you of positive results and I QUOTE ‘If these methods are followed precisely, their is no way you can’t see positive results with whatever illness you have’ -Dr. Herbert Palos Detroit, Michigan

Listen to Arthur Buchanan on the Mike Litman Show!

LISTEN TODAY!
www.freesuccessaudios.com/Artlive.mp3

www.out-of-darkness.com www.biologicalhappiness.com

www.adhdandme.com www.mentalillnessandme.com

Starting Jan. 1St Me and My Dr Leland Heller, Will Have a Free
CD Out, Totally Free All You Have to Do Is Pay The Shipping
And Handling Charges.

This Is This My Drs. Leland Heller’s Website

www.biologicalunhappiness.com

The People That Have Listened To This Free CD Have Told Us
That We Should Charge $147 for This Groundbreaking CD,
You Will Never Forgive Yourself If You Pass This Up, Run Don’t
Walk To Get This Groundbreaking CD, It Will Literally Change
The Way You Look At Mental Health!!!

Jan. 1st We Will Be Offering a Free Newsletter From My
Doc. And I, We Will Answer 5 of The Most Pressing Questions
A Month and We Will List Them On The Websites, So Get Your Free CD.

Save a Life Yours!!

The Internet acts as a megastore where young people

Friday, October 19th, 2007

The Internet acts as a megastore where young people—

Can purchase almost anything, including prescription drugs, marijuana, cocaine, club drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes.

Find online directions to concoct drugs such as methamphetamines

Learn how to get high on household products such as cough medicine or aerosol sprays.

Legislators and law enforcement are finding new ways to address drugs in cyberspace. But parents and caring adults must be on the alert to ensure that their kids don’t buy drugs online or obtain them from other kids who are buying them online. After all, even if your child doesn’t have Web access, nearly 69 percent of youth ages 10 to 14 and 80 percent of youth ages 15 to 17 do have access.

What To Know

Teens Online.Teens spend an average of 16.7 hours online weekly—more than they spend watching TV. Some Internet drug sellers use this fact to market directly to kids and teens.

Web Purchases. With a credit card, teens can buy drugs online as easily as they can purchase a book or download music. Many Web sites sell prescription drugs, such as narcotic pain relievers, stimulants, and sedatives, without asking for a written prescription or the age of the purchaser. Then, the drugs are mailed in unmarked packages.
Safety Concerns. Some prescription drugs sold on the Internet have harmful ingredients, are fake, are stronger or weaker than listed, or are manufactured without proper safety standards.

What to Look For. The Internet is one of the few centers of teen culture that mentions—even promotes—cough medicine abuse. Several Web sites promote the abuse of cough medicines containing dextromethorphan (DXM), recommending how much to take to get high, suggesting other drugs to combine with DXM, explaining how to extract DXM from cough medicines, and even selling a powder form for snorting. 6 Marijuana, as well as pipes, seeds, and other related items, also can be bought online.

Busted! People who buy and sell illegal drugs online risk being scammed or busted in a sting operation, even though dealers and buyers can mask their identities.

Safer Surfing

Parents and caring adults can help protect young people from marijuana or other illegal drugs on the Internet by following these tips:

Talk with your child about how to use the Internet safely. Check out the online safety rules for kids from the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Make rules and set limits for Internet use, and be firm with your child about keeping them. These rules may include time limits for Internet use or not using the Internet for play until after homework or chores are done. To learn more, see the Family Guide site’s article “Gadgets and Gizmos and Games, Oh My! Setting Rules for Kids and Technology.”

Monitor your child’s Internet use. Keeping the computer in an area where the entire family can see and use it makes it easier to monitor activity. Check out the Web sites your child is visiting and what they are about. Be careful about letting your child visit chat rooms—keep an eye on what is being discussed, and make sure he does not give out his personal information on the Internet.

Invest in filtering software. You can purchase software that helps block access to unsafe Web sites. However, filtering software does not replace parental guidance.

The Internet can be a great resource for your child to get help with her schoolwork, talk with friends, play games, or read a newspaper. But if your child has access to the Internet, she also has access to illegal drugs. Discuss with your child the rules of safe surfing as well as the consequences for misusing the Internet. Setting limits on Internet use and monitoring your child’s computer usage can help you keep your child safe on the information superhighway.

Conversation Starters:

What do you like best and worst about using the Internet?
Do you think the Internet has made our lives better since “the old days” before it was invented?

What would you change, if anything, about the way the Internet affects our world today?

What needs to be done to make the Internet safer to use?
What games, music, or programs do other kids like to download? How do you feel about these programs?

What advice would you give other parents about knowing what their kids are doing on the Internet?

What slang words are used to describe kids that use the Internet for different purposes—to research topics for homework, talk in chat rooms, look up information about medicines, etc.?

If you were going to get a job working with the Internet, what would you like to do?

Best Wishes and Lot’s of Love,
Arthur Buchanan

Out of Darkness & Into the Light
209 Ellis Ave. Suite 1313
Bellevue, Ohio44811

567-217-1133 (Home)

They are calling Arthur Buchanan’s methods of recovering from mental illness REVOLUTIONARY! (MEDICALCOLLEGE OF MICHIGAN) ‘Arthur Buchanan has given us a revolutionary blue print for recovery in these uncertain times, when Mental Illness at a all time high in the United States of America, yet if you follow this young mans methods, we assure you of positive results and I QUOTE ‘If these methods are followed precisely, their is no way you can’t see positive results with whatever illness you have’ -Dr. Herbert Palos Detroit, Michigan

Listen to Arthur Buchanan on the Mike Litman Show!

LISTEN TODAY!
www.freesuccessaudios.com/Artlive.mp3

www.out-of-darkness.com www.biologicalhappiness.com

www.adhdandme.com www.mentalillnessandme.com

Starting Jan. 1St Me and My Dr Leland Heller, Will Have a Free
CD Out, Totally Free All You Have to Do Is Pay The Shipping
And Handling Charges.

This Is This My Drs. Leland Heller’s Website

www.biologicalunhappiness.com

The People That Have Listened To This Free CD Have Told Us
That We Should Charge $147 for This Groundbreaking CD,
You Will Never Forgive Yourself If You Pass This Up, Run Don’t
Walk To Get This Groundbreaking CD, It Will Literally Change
The Way You Look At Mental Health!!!

Jan. 1st We Will Be Offering a Free Newsletter From My
Doc. And I, We Will Answer 5 of The Most Pressing Questions
A Month and We Will List Them On The Websites, So Get Your Free CD.

Save a Life Yours!!

One out of every two eighth graders has tried alcohol.

Friday, October 19th, 2007

The facts are startling for alcohol and tweens—children between ages 9–13 (fourth through eighth grades)…

One out of every two eighth graders has tried alcohol.
The first use of alcohol typically begins at age 12.
Seven in 10 young teens say that alcohol is easy to get.
Almost half of youth who begin drinking before age 14 later become alcohol dependent.

Even though these statistics are alarming, parents can do a lot to help tweens avoid alcohol. Many young people say that parental disapproval of underage drinking is the key reason they have chosen not to drink alcohol.

Many parents don’t realize how much they can change or improve their children’s lives, especially for tweens. However, parental involvement can be the safety net that protects tweens from drinking during the preteen years—years that can be confusing and difficult.

The Tween Years

As tweens take their first steps from childhood to adulthood they often face a number of challenges. Tweens may find it hard to shift smoothly from elementary to middle school. New friends and settings provide social opportunities but also can create pressure as tweens try to fit in. Physical and emotional changes often bring an urge for independence and new experiences. Tweens may also begin to think that their base of parental support is weakening, and increasingly they may turn to the media, such as magazines, newspapers, and television, as well as their peers for cues on how to behave.

Communication With Parents

Youth are much more likely to delay drinking when they have a strong and supportive relationship with a parent or guardian. Open and trusting communication is a vital part of such a relationship. Opening the lines of communication can start with many questions or comments. The following are examples:

Encourage children to talk about their interests and activities and how they would like you to support those interests.

Ask questions—ones that require more than a yes or no answer—so that children can tell you what they feel and how they

manage emotions such as anger or intimidation.

Start short conversations about the dangers of alcohol. Short frequent conversations are far more effective than a lecture.
Ask your tween what he thinks about teen drinking.

According to a national survey, teen perceptions of immorality, harm to health, and parental disapproval are far more powerful deterrents to teen drinking and smoking than legal restrictions on the purchase of alcohol and cigarettes.

Set clear “no use” rules (PDF) about drinking because children are less likely to drink when parents establish firm “no alcohol” rules. These rules could include instructions such as:

Not riding with any friends or peers who have been drinking
Not staying at parties where alcohol is being served
Not giving, asking, or taking alcohol from brothers or sisters.

Best Wishes and Lot’s of Love,
Arthur Buchanan

Out of Darkness & Into the Light
209 Ellis Ave. Suite 1313
Bellevue, Ohio44811

567-217-1133 (Home)

They are calling Arthur Buchanan’s methods of recovering from mental illness REVOLUTIONARY! (MEDICALCOLLEGE OF MICHIGAN) ‘Arthur Buchanan has given us a revolutionary blue print for recovery in these uncertain times, when Mental Illness at a all time high in the United States of America, yet if you follow this young mans methods, we assure you of positive results and I QUOTE ‘If these methods are followed precisely, their is no way you can’t see positive results with whatever illness you have’ -Dr. Herbert Palos Detroit, Michigan

Listen to Arthur Buchanan on the Mike Litman Show!

LISTEN TODAY!
www.freesuccessaudios.com/Artlive.mp3

www.out-of-darkness.com www.biologicalhappiness.com

www.adhdandme.com www.mentalillnessandme.com

Starting Jan. 1St Me and My Dr Leland Heller, Will Have a Free
CD Out, Totally Free All You Have to Do Is Pay The Shipping
And Handling Charges.

This Is This My Drs. Leland Heller’s Website

www.biologicalunhappiness.com

The People That Have Listened To This Free CD Have Told Us
That We Should Charge $147 for This Groundbreaking CD,
You Will Never Forgive Yourself If You Pass This Up, Run Don’t
Walk To Get This Groundbreaking CD, It Will Literally Change
The Way You Look At Mental Health!!!

Jan. 1st We Will Be Offering a Free Newsletter From My
Doc. And I, We Will Answer 5 of The Most Pressing Questions
A Month and We Will List Them On The Websites, So Get Your Free CD.

Save a Life Yours!!

Symptoms of Substance Dependence

Wednesday, October 17th, 2007

Symptoms of Substance Dependence Associated with Use of Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Illicit Drugs — United States, 1991-1992

Each year in the United States, approximately 400,000 deaths result from cigarette smoking, 100,000 from misuse of alcohol, and 20,000 from use of illicit drugs (1).

Many of the adverse health effects associated with the use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs result from long-term use caused by substance dependence (i.e., addiction) (2,3) — a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating sustained psychoactive substance use despite substance-related problems .

In addition, substance dependence is characterized by repeated self-administration that usually results in tolerance, withdrawal, and compulsive drug-taking behavior. Nicotine is the psychoactive substance in cigarettes and other forms of tobacco that accounts for the addictive properties of tobacco (2). In addition to tobacco, other potentially addictive substances include alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine (3).

To assess the prevalence of selected indicators of substance dependence among the U.S. population, CDC and the National Institute on Drug Abuse analyzed data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) (5) for 1991-1992. The findings in this report suggest that a symptom of substance dependence is more likely to be reported by persons who smoke cigarettes and persons who use cocaine than by persons who use alcohol or marijuana.

NHSDA is a household survey of a nationally representative sample of the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population aged greater than or equal to 12 years. Data from the 1991 and 1992 surveys were combined (n=61,426) to estimate the prevalence of daily use of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine for greater than or equal to 2 consecutive weeks during the preceding 12 months; attempts to reduce use; and four indicators of substance dependence among persons aged greater than or equal to 12 years who reported having used one of the four substances one or more times during the 30 days preceding the survey. Indicators of dependence for other substances (including heroin, tranquilizers, sedatives, analgesics, and inhalants) were not analyzed because the numbers of persons who reported use were too small to calculate reliable estimates.

Information about the indicators of dependence was based on responses to four questions; persons who reported current use * of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine were asked whether, during the 12 months preceding the survey, they 1) “felt {they} needed or were dependent on {the substance},” 2) “needed larger amounts to get the same effect,” 3) “felt unable to cut down on {their} use even though {they} tried,” and 4) “had withdrawal symptoms, that is, felt sick because {they} stopped or cut down on {their} use.” The analysis of “unable to cut down” and “felt sick” was restricted to persons who reported trying to reduce their substance use during the preceding 12 months. Data were adjusted for nonresponse and weighted to provide national estimates. Standard errors were calculated by using SUDAAN (6).

Of the 61,426 total NHDSA participants during 1991-1992, use of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine during the 30 days preceding the survey was reported by 14,688 (26.6%), 27,814 (49.4%), 3904 (4.6%), and 821 (0.8%) persons, respectively (Table_1, page 837). Daily use of these substances for greater than or equal to 2 consecutive weeks during the 12 months preceding the survey was reported by 78.4% of persons who smoked cigarettes, and by 22.6%, 13.8%, and 12.4% of those who used marijuana, alcohol, and cocaine, respectively. Cigarette smokers were more likely than persons who used the other substances to report having tried to cut down, and were approximately twice as likely as persons who used alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine to report having been unable to cut down (Table_1, page 837). Cigarette smokers were more likely than users of the other substances to report feeling dependent on the substance or feeling sick when they stopped or cut down on its use. Cigarette smokers (75.2%) were more likely to report one of the four symptoms of dependence than were persons who used cocaine (29.1%), marijuana (22.6%), or alcohol (14.1%).

To compare data for more frequent users, the analysis was restricted to persons who had used these substances daily for greater than or equal to 2 consecutive weeks during the 12 months preceding the survey. Of the 47,227 current substance users, 14,615 (30.9%) reported daily use. Among these persons, those who smoked cigarettes were more likely than those who used alcohol or marijuana to report having been unable to cut down (Table_1, page 837). Persons who had used cocaine daily were more likely than persons who had used cigarettes, alcohol, or marijuana to report feeling a need for more of the substance to get the same effect. Persons who were daily cigarette smokers were more likely than persons who used alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine daily to report feeling dependent on the substance and were more likely than daily users of alcohol or marijuana to report feeling sick when they stopped or cut down. Among persons who had used any of the four substances every day for greater than or equal to 2 consecutive weeks, those who smoked cigarettes (90.9%) and those who used cocaine (78.9%) were more likely to report a symptom of addiction than were persons who used alcohol (48.1%) or marijuana (58.8%).

To determine whether the prevalence of reported symptoms varied for different measures of frequency of use, the analysis was further restricted to persons who reported that, on average, they used each substance on a daily or weekly basis during the 12 months preceding the survey. Although the prevalance estimates varied within each category of substance use, the relative ranking of the substances by frequency of symptoms of dependency remained constant.
Reported by: J Henningfield, Clinical Pharmacology Research Br, Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse. Epidemiology Br, Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC.

Editorial Note

Editorial Note: The findings in this report suggest that persons who smoked cigarettes and persons who used cocaine were more likely than those who used alcohol or marijuana to report a symptom of substance dependence after controlling for frequency of use. The high level of dependency associated with cigarette smoking may account, in part, for the low success rate for attempts to quit smoking (only 2.5% of smokers successfully quit each year) even though most smokers report wanting to quit smoking (7). In addition, a high proportion (73%) of adolescents who smoke but who intended to quit smoking in 5-6 years were still smoking 5 years later (8).

The findings in this report are subject to at least three limitations. First, the four NHSDA indicators do not provide a comprehensive measure of substance dependence because not all symptoms of the withdrawal syndromes characteristic of each substance were included. As a result, the proportion of persons who reported at least one indicator of substance dependence may be underestimated. Second, the categories of substance use were not mutually exclusive, and possible interactions experienced by users of multiple substances were not examined. Finally, these findings are based on self-reported data, and self-perception of substance dependence was not validated; however, self-reported symptoms of nicotine dependence have been confirmed previously by observer rating (2).

Although the severity of dependence can be estimated by the number of symptoms reported for persons using a particular psychoactive substance (4), criteria have not been developed to enable comparisons of the severity of dependence of different substances (9). Therefore, the findings in this report cannot be interpreted to indicate that nicotine produces more severe addiction than cocaine, marijuana, or alcohol. In addition, differences in the patterns of use of these substances and in the development of dependency may reflect their availability and accessibility: because cigarettes and alcohol are legal for adults, they are more available and accessible than marijuana and cocaine. Other factors that may account for some of these differences include price, advertising and promotion, social pressure, regulations, sanctions, and pharmacologic characteristics (9).

The use of cigarettes, alcohol, and illicit drugs all result in excess dependence, morbidity, and mortality and in substantial economic costs (1,3,10). Public health interventions that decrease the availability and social acceptability of tobacco use assist in reducing the initiation of use and the development of nicotine addiction (8). These approaches include reducing illegal sales of tobacco to minors, increasing the real price of tobacco products, restricting tobacco advertising and promotion targeted toward minors, and conducting educational and advertising campaigns that “deglamorize” tobacco use. School- and community-based educational interventions can help prevent tobacco initiation (8) and the use of alcohol and other substances (10). In addition, improved access to substance-dependence treatment programs may help reduce the health burden resulting from the use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs (10).

Best Wishes and Lot’s of Love,
Arthur Buchanan

Out of Darkness & Into the Light
209 Ellis Ave. Suite 1313
Bellevue, Ohio44811

567-217-1133 (Home)

They are calling Arthur Buchanan’s methods of recovering from mental illness REVOLUTIONARY! (MEDICALCOLLEGE OF MICHIGAN) ‘Arthur Buchanan has given us a revolutionary blue print for recovery in these uncertain times, when Mental Illness at a all time high in the United States of America, yet if you follow this young mans methods, we assure you of positive results and I QUOTE ‘If these methods are followed precisely, their is no way you can’t see positive results with whatever illness you have’ -Dr. Herbert Palos Detroit, Michigan

Listen to Arthur Buchanan on the Mike Litman Show!

LISTEN TODAY!
www.freesuccessaudios.com/Artlive.mp3

www.out-of-darkness.com www.biologicalhappiness.com

www.adhdandme.com www.mentalillnessandme.com

Starting Jan. 1St Me and My Dr Leland Heller, Will Have a Free
CD Out, Totally Free All You Have to Do Is Pay The Shipping
And Handling Charges.

This Is This My Drs. Leland Heller’s Website

www.biologicalunhappiness.com

The People That Have Listened To This Free CD Have Told Us
That We Should Charge $147 for This Groundbreaking CD,
You Will Never Forgive Yourself If You Pass This Up, Run Don’t
Walk To Get This Groundbreaking CD, It Will Literally Change
The Way You Look At Mental Health!!!

Jan. 1st We Will Be Offering a Free Newsletter From My
Doc. And I, We Will Answer 5 of The Most Pressing Questions
A Month and We Will List Them On The Websites, So Get Your Free CD.

Save a Life Yours!!